Article of Confederation Essay

The first constitution was written in the United States was called the â€Å"Articles of Confederation. † It established a loose league of friendship between thirteen sovereign states and proposed that each state have its sovereignty, freedom, and independence. The Articles of Confederation approve in 1781, which led to a period of crisis between the years 1781 and 1789. This period refer as the Critical Period. The Articles of Confederation was the precursor of the United States Constitution because of the many reasons it had weaknesses and replaced by the United States Constitution. The Constitution of the United States comprises the nation’s fundamental law, providing the framework for its governance and the principles under which it must operate. When the constitution was written, it was intended to endure for ages, be flexible, and adaptable for future generations. The constitution was intended to be the supreme law of the land. â€Å"To win the required approval from all 13 states, drafters changed the plan and granted the Confederation control of western lands. After four years, the Articles finally won ratification in 1781. † (Created Equal, pg. 77) The Articles of Confederation, which were ratified in 1781, became the first constitution. The Articles of Confederation dealt with three problems: taxation, representation, and the extent of control over western territories. First, the Articles of Confederation weakness was that the central government did not have the power to collect taxes. As the Articles of Confederation illustrate, â€Å"According to the Articles, Congress could not collect taxes or regulate trade; it could only requisition funds from the states. Shares would vary depending on each state’s free population. (Created Equal, pg. 177) Under the Articles of Confederation, the state government can only send its contribution annually to the national government but they cannot be compelled to pay taxes. Due to this huge weakness, many problems arose in the U. S, which were signs of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. The trade agreements Congress had made with other nations were not always carried out. Many people soon started importing goods from other countries that they refused to pay for. Consequently, people in other nations soon became reluctant to trade with the U.  S; even Great Britain closed its commerce to it, which resulted in the loss of a lot of money because of lack of trade. There was also competition among the states, as they started levying taxes on goods passing through them to other states. Taxes are the lifeblood of the nation. Without it, no government machinery will function. Thus, the national government could not perform its functions because it did not have the funds. Second weakness was the enactment of laws. Under the Articles of Confederation, the enactment of laws needed the approval of 9 out of 13 states. The voting obligation is quite high. As a result, five states could easily prevent the enactment of laws, which seriously jeopardized the enactment of laws that needed to be passed. The Articles of Confederation note, â€Å"Moreover, the Confederation had no separate executive branch; executive functions fell to various committees of the Confederation Congress. † (Created Equal, pg. 177) There was no executive branch to institute the policies for the entire nation. As a result, the state governments did not have a cohesive policy that every state government should follow. Consequently, the state governments individually created their own policies. Since there was no national judiciary, the state courts were tasked to interpret laws. As George Mason indicates, â€Å"The Judiciary of the United States is so constructed & extended, as to absorb and destroy the Judiciarys of the several States; thereby rendering Law as tedious intricate and expensive, & Justice as unattainable, by a great Part of the Community, as in England, and enabling the Rich to oppress & ruin the Poor. † (Mason, Paragraph 2, pg. 10) It had become clear that it was necessary to abandon the Articles of Confederation in favor of a constitution that provided for a stronger national government, created a national judiciary and strong Congress. Finally, the United States had different issues that they had to deal with. These were foreign affairs, economic conditions, and Western land. The Articles clarify, â€Å"In addition, to the dismay of land speculators, the Congress would not control the western domains that several large states had claimed. † (Created Equal, pg. 77) The government was weak due to poor economic conditions and the people still feared the power of the central government. These weaknesses posed a threat to the effectiveness of the government. Under the Articles of Confederation, there was a unicameral legislature. There was one house and there were no executive or judiciary branches. Each state had the same number of representatives and their own currency. The states taxed each other and affecting the value of money to decrease and posed a threat to the economic stability of the United States, which was already weak and in need of reformation. The Articles of Confederation was the precursor of the United States Constitution because of the many reasons it had weaknesses and replaced by the United States Constitution. It brought the colonies together as a loose confederation with the state’s rights being more important than the power of the federal government. Even though the government under the Articles of Confederation was very weak, it was still more democratic because it gave more rights and power to the states. The Articles unified the states under a loose confederation, which lacked a strong, central government. Although the Articles of Confederation had several successes, it created far more weaknesses and failures. The failures of the Articles had to be addressed, so a new constitution was created and drafted at the Constitutional Convention, which determined the many failures of the Articles, and created a strong central government. A controversial issue has been debated over whether the government under the Articles of Confederation or the Constitution was more democratic. The Articles of Confederation created a more democratic government because it gave power to the individual states and to the people.

New Age Music and Religion

New Age music was first introduced in 1964, when Tony Scott recorded â€Å"Music for Zen Meditation.† In the years that followed this impressionistic music became popular in California, but was not sold nationally until the 1980s. Windam Hill is the largest producer of New Age music, grossing some thirty million dollars in 1987, but many competitors have recently come into the market. There is a wide variety in style of New Age music, but very often it is dreamy music associated with nature. Typical would be that of Paul Winter who on his saxophone accompanies the sounds of humpback whales, timber wolves, and eagles – letting them â€Å"create† the melody. Other New Age music features the sounds of waterfalls, ocean waves, and crickets (Rhodes: 133).But despite the increasing support of many people to New Age music, its critics also have their own arguments about it. What is New Age music really about and what are the critics’ arguments about its associati on to religion? All of these and more are discussed as we go along the context.Reflection and AssessmentBecause it is much a decentralized movement, it is difficult to assess the impact of New Age. There is no doubt that it has already has a powerful influence on Western society, but its future is impossible to predict. Is it a passing fad that will be largely forgotten in decades to come, or is it a movement that has only just begun to gain momentum? In reference, Brooks Alexander writes in Christianity Today: â€Å"Is this just another diversion of New Age, or is it something more enduring?† There are many â€Å"faddish† characteristics of the movement, but fads have sometimes developed into time-honored traditions (Kemp:135).Indeed, there are many signs that New Age on the whole is gaining a powerful foothold in society that will not quickly pass away. This position is gaining credibility among secular scholars. According to Carl A. Raschke, a religion professor at the University of Denver and a student of the movement, New Age is â€Å"the most powerful social force in the country today† (Tucker: 351).New Age CriticsBy the early 1990s, there was a myriad of Christian critiques of New Age. New Age had replaced ’secular humanism’ as the enemy of traditional Christians. Other Christian anti-New Age works include Douglas Groothuis’ three-part series beginning with Unmasking the New Age (1986) and Walter Martin’s The New Age Cult (1989) (Kemp:135). Innocuous ‘New Age music’ is also condemned for encouraging people to reflect on religion and culture that is not explicitly Christian. John Newport, for example, insists that it is ‘†¦satanically inspired†¦ [and thus] theologically wrong in its roots and in the effects it hopes to achieve’ (Partridge: 255).The mainstream churches have tended to be less overtly hostile in their official responses to New Age than some of the smaller t he innovative approach to spirituality. However, their knowledge of New Age is often based on works by Evangelical or fundamentalist Christians and is strongly colored by them (Kemp: 135).New Age PerspectiveThere is a strong spiritual dimension to the New Age. It is not only interested in contemporary philosophies but in ancient wisdom, drawing in an eclectic way from Eastern and Western spiritual-religious traditions, with a contemporary blend of psychology and ecology and a profound interest in such things as metaphysics and sacred geometry. Some New Age movements foster a mystical approach. It can fit within the category of non religious spiritualities, and for some adherents it is like an alternative to religion. For others, New Age practices harmonize with their religious beliefs (Wilber: 348).The New Age is particularly concerned with lifestyle and health. It means a range of human needs from immediate wellbeing to a sense of connectedness with others and the world, and to mea ning in life. It also has a commercial dimension catering to consumer spirituality; some practices at the market end of the New Age can be regarded as part of the self-help industry (Tucker: 350).The literature on New Age highlights diversity and spirituality. While beyond our scope here, an appraisal of the spiritual scope of New Age remains an important part of any critical exploration of the contemporary spirituality that affects young people (Kemp: 134).The New Age is mainly an adult and young adult interest. Nevertheless, adolescents and children will be inquisitive about it when they encounter it in the culture. They may well try some practices as part of their experimentation in identity and spirituality. What is likely to appeal to young people is the fluid and non-institutional appearance of the New Age; it does not prescribe beliefs but is based on individuals piecing together their own spirituality to suit their needs and interests. Also attractive would be its existentia l and lifestyle focus, and its holistic notion of the integration of mind-body-spirit (Crawford and Rossiter: 223).Summary and ConclusionCertain critics may not agree with the music of New Age but it doesn’t deny the fact that a lot of people also patronize the music. Personally, I think New Age music soothes someone’s mood and relaxes a tired mind. Association to religion is optional and should not make other people get bothered about the idea. It’s just a matter of opinion, whether or not to accept New Age music or not.Works Cited:Crawford, Marisa, and Graham Rossiter. Reasons for Living: Education and Young People's Search for Meaning, Identity and Spirituality. A Handbook. Camberwell, Victoria: Aust Council for Ed Research, 2006.Kemp, Daren. New Age: A Guide : Alternative Spiritualities from Aquarian Conspiracy To. George Square, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004.Partridge, Christopher H. The Re-Enchantment of the West: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture, and Occulture. Vol. 2. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005.Rhodes, Ron. The Challenge of the Cults and New Religions: The Essential Guide to Their Doctrine, and Our Response. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2001.Tucker, Ruth. Another Gospel: Alternative Religions and the New Age Movement. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1989.Wilber, Ken. Up from Eden: A Transpersonal View of Human Evolution. Wheaton, Illinois: Quest Books, 1996.

Europe and its Relationship with the World

Europe and its relationship to the universe From the clip through early 1800’s to early 1900’s, Europe has changed a batch in many parts. Such as the Gallic revolution and the Spanish and Lusitanian are seeking to set up their settlement, to distribute their ain civilization and faith like Christian. There are, undouble, a batch of advancements during that clip that can decidedly be found, while the definition of advancement can be understood in different manner, there are non merely positive advancement, but besides a batch of negative advancement. In European’s thought at that clip, they decidedly think the advancement is positive, while for those indigens who live in European settlement they may happen a batch of unjust and see this advancement that made by Europe is negative. We can non deny the benefit that the Europe has made at that clip, but to see the relationship between Europe and the universe between 1800-1914 negative advancements are more obvious because of European industrialisation and impe rialism. A batch of illustrations can be found during 1800- 1914 to demo the imperialism of Europeans is non accepted by the indigens. We can see Europeans at that clip were non so successful when they are seeking to construct the relationship with Africa. From the novel â€Å"Thingss Fall Apart†[ 1 ] by Chinua Achebe, the writer writes about how the Europeans treated Africans in an unjust manner, from the age of industrialisation. Europeans arrived in West Africa non for peace but for the slaves, they want enslave the Africans and allow them go the free labour for Europe and work for Europe.Achebe showed how the native react when they hear about the Europeans, â€Å" We have heard narratives about white work forces who made the powerful guns and the strong drinks and took slaves away across the seas, but no 1 thought the narratives were true † [ 2 ] ( Ch. 15 Achebe ) . We can see the Africans do non even think Europeans as one of world will handle their compatriots as slaves, b ut they were incorrect. In the terminal of the novel, we can see there was about no effectual advancement has been made between the Africans and the Europeans. In the antonym, the Europeans really had destroyed all the good hopes to the European that Africans used to hold and convey war to them non merely for their land but besides for their faith. In the book Okonkwo says to Obrierika, â€Å"He [ Europeans ] came softly and pacifically with his faith. We were amused at his folly and allowed him to remain. Now he has won our brothers and our kin can no longer move like one † [ 3 ] ( Ch. 20 Achebe ) . The Europeans usage means to change over some members of the indigens to Christianity, but cause other indigens to detest Christian. To be honest, we can non happen any positive advancement that was made between the Europeans and the Africans because the selfishness of Europeans make they took advantage of indigens land and labour but merely convey goods to their ain state. In add-on, we besides can happen this unfair in the novel â€Å"This Earth of mankind† which writes about a immature adult male, Minke, who can populate a instead simple life as a pupil in a Dutch high school in Surabaya, Indonesia. Although he is one of the few Natives who surveies in his school, he still do non lose confident for himself. But Minke’s life begins to alter when he meets and falls in love with the most beautiful miss he has of all time seen. Annelies is a mixed-blood girl of a Native and a European man of affairs. Her female parent as a native learn several sorts of linguistic communication and truly outstanding. When Minke’s relationship with Ann grows deeper, people of the town start to state he and Annelies is illegal, but even his life is threatened and he is brought to the tribunal, he still continues to contend against the unfairnesss of the authorities, non merely want to win but to support humanity and its rights. Although Minke and Anneli es eventually lose but they do demo to this Earth of world a great illustration that racism will ne'er be a good manner to handle people and justness will eventually come. This is a great novel that shows how people fight against for their right. Different from â€Å"Thingss Fall Apart†, â€Å"this Earth of mankind† [ 4 ] shows a negative advancement of Europe’s imperialism has cause but show us a positive attitude about how to defy the unfairness under the imperialism. This article shows the hope and the imperialism will eventually do Europe lose the people. Jules Ferry besides talks about the enlargement of colonial and what character should the Europeans had if they want to success, â€Å"In a Europe, or instead in a universe therefore constituted, a policy of backdown or abstinence is merely the high route to decadence! † [ 5 ] ( On French Colonial Expansion ) . This sort of procedure did non better the relationships but merely hindered the advancement of the dealingss between Europe and the universe. Besides from the information of â€Å"Chadwick ‘s Report on Sanitary Conditions† , â€Å"That the one-year loss of life from crud and bad airing are greater than the loss from decease or lesions in any wars in which the state has been engaged in modern times† [ 6 ] Shows the bad wellness conditions in Europe during that clip. These may be caused by the excessively many settlements and will besides convey this disease to those who are indigens that ne'er run into such diseases. It is difficult to state it is pos itive or negative, but it does do bad consequence on indigens. The industrialisation besides causes jobs for Europe. No 1 can deny the importance of industrialisation, because without it all of our modern machines can be a gag, but Karl Marx besides show the injury that industrialisation cause to the lower degree people. In his article â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party† , he pointed out that with the higher development of the industrialisation, it non merely makes mass production more easy but besides increase the spread between the rich and the hapless. In his article he said â€Å"From the minute when labour can no longer be converted into capital, money, or rent, into a societal power capable of being monopolized, i.e. , from the minute when single belongings can no longer be transformed into bourgeois belongings, into capital, from that minute, you say, individuality vanishes† [ 7 ] which shows the struggle between the labours and the upper degree. His sentiment about revolution can besides be regard as possible crisis of the Europe. So half positive and half negative is what the history’s rating about industrialisation. But there is some positive advancement that Europe did throughout the 19Thursdayand 20Thursdaycentury is in footings of women’s rights. At the pervious age adult females were treated with about zero regard before the Revolution started. Womans do non hold the same rights as adult male, they merely see as accoutrement of work forces. But sometimes they were besides â€Å"used† like work forces, or even requested higher than adult male like work longer than adult male with fewer pay. Women and kids were seen making the â€Å"same sort of belowground work, and to work for the same figure of hours, as male childs and men† [ 8 ] ( Women Miners ) . The adult females dress like work forces, work as work forces but still can non win their regard. The Revolution did alter the manner that adult females were used to handle a batch because after the revolution adult females had their freedom and rights, which is pretty easy but was ne'er heard before the 1800’s. This is decidedly a positive advancement Europeans have made. The advancement of the European industrialisation, imperialism and their relationship with the universe in decision can be regard as negative. Europeans destroyed civilisations for doing their civilization and benefits. Use other’s labour for their ain selfishness. When they find a manner that suits them best, they did non waver to handle others like African below the belt. The Africans were enslaved like they are non human at all. In add-on, the civil war that was caused by Gallic Revolution besides affected France’s relationship with other European states by impacting each other’s issues such as trade ( Lecture ) [ 9 ] . Positive advancement was made by Europeans by successfully bettering their finicky conditions and giving suited rights to the adult females, but even for these positive advancements, they are still made for their ain state and society non for other settlements. So wholly in all, the selfishness dominates the Europeans and makes their advancemen t connected with the universe at 1800-1914 negative

Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies Coursework

Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies - Coursework Example The expansion into new business environments across borders presents massive human resource challenges as a business must ensure cultural and managerial opportunity but also consider the needs of the new market. Various international human resource management and staffing policies have been developed to ensure that the internationalization and expansion programs are not affected. Coke Mexico has embraced a number of international staffing policies most of which were adopted from the pioneer years of their entry into the Mexican market. At coke Mexico, a mixture of different international staffing policies has been adopted to ensure smooth operation of the company and continuity of its culture and business practices. Such staffing policies include ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric and regiocentric staffing approach all of which are governed by different principles. This paper will evaluate some of the staffing strategies that coke Mexico has adopted over the years and also review some of the available policies that it can be adapted to ensure continuity and smooth operations. The paper will also provide recommendations on the order of strategic preferences that the company can adapt based on the Mexican situation and business environment. The world has witnessed rapid internationalization and globalization over the last decade and this has been attributed to the search for new markets and global influence. The expansion of a business entity beyond the domestic boundary while maintaining the commitment to the local market calls for the adoption of complex business structures and strategies (Cooke, 2003). The effective management of human resources is one common determinant of internationalization success and the integration of foreign cultures into the operations of the  business.

Answer week 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer week 8 - Essay Example Before any business, considers investing in any form of corporate social responsibility, it must remember that the main responsibility is to represent the business stakeholders. So long as an organization behaves responsibly, generating a profit, creating employment, supporting the health of the economy, and increasing wealth are the most responsible things that an organization can do. Remaining focused will ensure that CSR efforts are not taken as manipulative. 2. It is true that the main objective of any business organization is to remain profitable, but to do may require investment in CSR, which may also increase the organization’s operational costs. The actions of an organization, affect the perceptions and behaviors of its clients and community around it (Pava 2008). It also affects it own health and that of the environment around it. An organization needs to consider the implications of its actions on its business and reputation. Before investing in a CSR program, businesses need to determine if it will conflict with the objectives of the organization, and if so such an initiative should be stopped. A healthy organization that meets its objectives is more beneficial to the society than an organization that engages in CSR but is not performing well. The best way that an organization can do good to the community is by performing well. 3. Kramer and Porter have approached the issue of CSR in a realistic manner. Some companies that have invested heavily in CSR have failed to meet their strategic objectives because they initiate such projects without considering the company’s strategy. Some of the most significant material that has been left in the module material is the failure of organizations to view their efforts at CSR from the perspective that they view their core business strategy (Tanget et al 2012). With such a strategy, organizations will realize that CSR is more than an expense or limitation but a source of competitiveness, growth, and

Floating World in Japanese art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Floating World in Japanese art history - Essay Example Asai Ryoi wrote his famous Tales of the Floating World (Ukiyo-monogatari) in 1661 and describes the floating world thus: "Living only for the moment, savouring the moon, the snow, the cherry blossoms and the maple leaves, singing songs, loving sake, women and poetry, letting oneself drift, buoyant and carefree, like a gourd carried along with the river current† (History of Ukiyo-e Woodblock Print). The floating world became a centre of refinement, art, culture and elegance and led the tone in a bourgeois society that gained the confidence to lead the taste in art and fashion. Although officially looked down upon by aristocratic circles, the world of courtesans, actors, entertainers and gentlemen of private means was more or less openly admired and copied. Japanese courtesans enjoyed a very high status in society, comparable perhaps, only to the very few privileged maitresses en titre at the French court during the 17th and 18th century, and the higher ranking courtesans were well educated in literature, music and the art of conversation as well as leaders in style and fashion. The pleasure districts of Edo (Tokyo), Osaka and Kyoto provided a lively background and meeting place for the merchant class and the demimonde. The most prolific era for the arts in Japan was the Genroku period from 1680 to 1730. Literature, painting, poetry, but also the sciences, flourished during this period and the arts were encouraged by the shogun (military ruler) whose seat was in Edo (Tokyo). At the time of the Japanese shogunate the emperor was sidelined – he was a powerless figurehead reduced to conducting ceremonies and composing poetry. His seat was in Kyoto, well removed from the centre of power in Edo. Japanese society was divided into four strata: the nobility (samurai), who held all political power, the peasants, who in theory were second only to the nobility, as they provided rice for the nation (Hibbett, 2002) and were therefore of fundamental importance, and

Religion and Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion and Violence - Essay Example It primarily aims to discipline people and encourage them to cohabit harmoniously within the framework of certain codes of social conduct. Besides, throughout human history, it has remained a major influence in determining the social and political structure of nations across the world. Religions, in general, seek the well being of humans and spread the messages of universal brotherhood and love, peace and harmony. Prophets in every cult have emphasized the need of spirituality and implored their followers to have sympathy for fellow beings. However, throughout human history, one comes across wars among different sects of people in the name of religion. In the modern world, in which humans have become a sophisticated species, bloodshed in the name of religion still prevails obviously due to misconceptions about religion. The instances of violence, in the name of religion, that characterize everyday life in the modern society, rather tend to substantiate the hypothesis that religion do es cause violence. The Jihad, which the Muslim radicals consider as a Holy War against nonbelievers, has become an excuse for some members of that community to indulge in terrorist activities against the US and other non-Muslim nations. According to them, their war is for justice that they have to wage against the nonbelievers to adhere to Allah’s wish. ... The reason, according to Osama Bin Laden, was to warn America of the support it extends to the Jewish community which has resulted in the oppression of their Muslim brethren in Israel. He has further threatened that the war would continue until justice is restored to the Muslim community, which is being â€Å"tortured and assaulted† by the Jews. (Motives for 9/11 Terrorist Attacks). The bombings in London on July 7, 2005, which claimed â€Å"52 lives and injured 700 people† is yet another instance of violence perpetrated by the Al Qaeda, in the name of religion (London Bombers Staged ‘Dummy Run’). The motive behind this mission, according to Osama, has been to â€Å"take revenge against the British Zionist Crusader Government† for the atrocities committed by them in Iraq and Afghanistan (Quinn par. 5). The problem of violence in the name of religion does not confine to the West alone. In the Orient, the strained relationship between India and Pakista n, apart from border controversies, can also be attributed to the difference in the major religious faiths in both countries. There have been many instances of terrorist attacks in India and in most cases, the allegations indicate the involvement of Pakistani citizens or the radical Muslim outfits based in or operating out of Pakistan. The most significant of such episodes is the terrorist attack in Mumbai, which lasted for almost four days from November 26 to November 29, 2008. An Indian author, B. Raman, in his book titled â€Å"Mumbai 26/11: A Day of Infamy,† suggests that the Indian Mujahidin tout their attack on India as the â€Å"war of civilization between the Muslims and the infidels† (Raman 17). This

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of Essay

Compare and contrast the views of Meyer and Bok on the issues of medical professional lying to patients. State and explain the similarities and differences in their views - Essay Example the disclosure of bad news to patients is a very difficult process; hence, it is beneficial for medical practitioners to adopt a neutral mentality between always telling the truth and never telling the truth when disclosing information to the patient. Bok however, is firm on the viewpoint that it is necessary for doctors to sometimes lie to the patient when certain conditions are met. He however does not agree with Meyer’s statement that truthfulness is impossible. She perceives it as failure to differentiate between the truth from truthfulness. Though she disagrees with this statement, in my opinion some similarities with Meyer’s viewpoint exist. Meyer believes that the truth cannot always be clearly defined hence; it cannot always be presented to the patient (Meyer, n.d). In this case Meyer provides the example of conditions that are terminal at time of disclosure, however, may have a cure in the near future. It coincides with Bok’s example of telling the patient he has at least four months to live, instead of telling him that he will die in four months. The fact that he will live for four months is verified, however, the fact that he will die isn’t. Meyer believes that patients may ask for the truth meanwhile they do not actually want the truth and simply want to gain confidence from the good news. However, Bok believes it is an empirical fact that patients want to hear the truth about their condition and doctors have no right or justification to withhold information on the assumption that patients actually prefer it (Bok, n.d). Bok agrees with Meyers’s view that the truth may sometimes harm the patient. Meyer refers to this as ‘therapeutic privileged’. However, Bok believes that this claim by Meyer is exaggerated and benefits from telling the truth exist and are not given sufficient attention. Bok believes that telling the patient the truth allows him or her to decide what steps to take forward in his or her treatment process. She allows

Evolutionary development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolutionary development - Essay Example The view is given a new paradigm by Neil Shubin, (2008), a principal paleontologist who discerned the "missing link". He tried to trace the evolution through organs of human body. In his book Your Inner Fish, Shubin has enlightened people by establishing correlation between fossils and DNA. There exists similarity between human hands and fins of fish. Through his outstanding inscription, Shubin has elucidated the process of evolution in an easy manner which an ordinary person can understand. Your Inner Fish is one of the most invigorating, intellectually articulated thoughts, and convincing systematic scientific explorations; it is a chronicle of true voyage, potentially changes the outlook about the human body. Your Inner Fish establishes the similarity between the humans and fish and elucidate that any human body is a live example of the whole narration of evolution. Human body possess genome links that is already an established fact but humans also depict the whole gamut of evolution which finds molecular basis too with the similarity in terms of DNAs and RNAs in the genes. Shubin is not only an eminent scientist but he has proved his worth in the form of coherent and stylish author, besides being an irrepressibly excited coach who possesses wittiness, aptitude and cleverness who mesmerizes the readers with his thoughts and therefore readers are able to understand and formulate a real picture of the evolution. One of the finest ways to teach the students the similarity between various animals and humans. The simplest roadmap to their lies in fish (Shubin, 2008). "The archives of natural history are filled with †¦ cases of species formation exploding as a response to ecological opportunity.†¦Natural history becomes all the more pleasing and interesting when we look at it through the lens of evolutionary theory and search for the

Week 3 Case Study 1 Submission Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 3 1 Submission - Case Study Example This always occurs in many ways; it boiled down to workers preferring to use their technology in all scenarios. The smartphone or tablet travel with the worker in all places he goes, whether at the working station or not. Employees can have access to their mail, contacts, and the Internet. (Caris, Steven, & Ken, 2012).Therefore, this would in turn raise productivity by allowing organization workers to perform their function in any place they want. When an employee can have access to the corporation network from his or her personal laptop, they might have limitless working schedule. Scholars have found that employees have a tendency of working longer hours when they work from their premises. They can easily log on to their corporate email account or other apps over the weekends or in evenings. In some circumstances, employees would work for an additional 5 to 10 hours per week if they work from where they live(Romer, 2014). In addition, to meet employees’satisfaction, BYOD can assist an organization to attract and support upcoming talents. BOYD provides flexibility, especially when combined with work-from-home opportunities can be a main marketing point for a company wishing to recruit new employees. This will allow the company to lure applicants who are best to suit for and have excitement about the job, rather than those who are just willing to settle. It would be important to implement BOYD in an organization because instead of spending a lot of organization’s resources in setting infrastructure, the opportunity of saving the resources is provided by bringing your device (BYOD). BYOD ensures these resources are utilized, and no time is invested in infrastructure (Romer, 2014). The data might be contaminated. Recently, an employee vacation snaps would be stored on a smartphone that is also used at working place. The photographs and other data are stored using the same phone storage with business data. Therefore, combination

Equations from Harrison Essay Example for Free

Equations from Harrison Essay Nature has a way of bringing everything to its normal position, plants give off oxygen during photosynthesis, humans and animals use up this oxygen for survival and in turn give off carbon dioxide (CO2), which is used up by plants. This relationship shows how nature has created a balance between plants and animals. In natural water all living organism depend on the oxygen or dissolved oxygen in water for sustainability. Dissolved oxygen (DO) I water helps maintain a healthy river, lake and ocean and thus supporting different kinds of aquatic organism. A symbiotic system exits whereby all aquatic organisms depend on themselves for survival. Most of the dissolved oxygen (DO) in water comes from photosynthesis and atmosphere, about 8 10mg/l is needed to maintain 100% saturation in water. However, the level of dissolved oxygen in water varies, the amount or concentration of oxygen (O2) rises from morning through o evening, this is as a result of serious activity by plants in water. At this time photosynthesis is taking place and so oxygen (O2) is given off, whereas at night, the level of oxygen drops because photosynthesis has stopped. Nonetheless, plants and animals continue to consume oxygen. The level of oxygen drops, this drop may bring down the level of to about 4mg/l and this is the minimum amount that is required to sustain the living organisms in water. Man and nature contribute significantly to the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water both in a positive and negative way. Nature The levels of dissolved oxygen in water can greatly be affected by weather conditions, these are; temperature, pressure, erosion, sedimentation and ice cover. These factors affect the solubility of oxygen (O2) in water. An increase in temperature reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen. As the temperature increases the saturation concentration decreases (Gray N. F 1999). Table (1) shows the relationship between dissolved oxygen in water and temperature at 1 atmosphere. Temperature (oC) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 0 Table (1) source; Gray N. F 1999 pg 67 From table (1) above it can be observed that as water gets warmer, there is a reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO), this is because the oxygen molecule becomes energised and diffuses to the water surface thereby leaving fewer dissolved oxygen in water. Dissolved minerals in water could be as a result erosion, sedimentation and weathering. Dissolved salt in water reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water; water being a universal solvent dissolves salt. Oxygen is used up to form other compounds as shown below; SiO2(s) + 2H2O Si(OH)4 (1) Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O Fe 2O3. 3H2O(s) (2) CaO(s) +H2O Ca(OH)(aq) (3) CaCO3(s) + CO2 + H2O Ca2+(aq) + 2HCO3- (4) (Equations from Harrison R. M et al 1996) When these solid minerals dissolve in water, oxygen is used up to another compound. Man The quest by man for a better living has in a way impinged on the quality of water. To improve agricultural yield, fertilizer is added to plant root for growth, however, plants take up few amounts and the rest is washed into river and or lake. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major constituents of fertilizer, if in excess, both elements in a compound form causes eutrophication thereby reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. In developed countries treated sewage is disposed off into river, this waste contains microorganisms, detergents, and other waste product. If untreated or regulated these causes severe reduction of dissolved oxygen in a water body. Sewage contribute large amount of nutrients into the river, plants and microorganisms use up these nutrients, rivers or lake that contains essential mineral nutrient may support heavy growth of algae (Manaham S. E 1993). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) In water dissolved oxygen (DO) place an important role in maintaining a balance as enumerated above, for instance, when oil or for that matter any substance that is a stranger is introduced into a water body, some biodegradation will take place to break down the hydrocarbon molecules, usually oxygen is the fuel that is used up or consumed to carry out this breakdown of the hydrocarbon molecules. Biodegradation can be chemical reaction or biological that is caused by living organisms like; bacteria, fungi, sulphate reducing bacteria etc. The amount of oxygen required to completely breakdown the hydrocarbon molecules by chemical reaction is called the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), this is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to breakdown the molecules. Also the amount of oxygen required to breakdown completely the hydrocarbon molecule by biological activity is called the Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD). However, in these report Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) will be focused on rather than Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) can simply be defined as the amount of oxygen used up by microorganism (e.g. aerobic bacteria) in water. The rate at which oxygen is used up is perhaps more important than the determination of dissolved oxygen (Pierce J. J et al 1997). How much clean a water is can well be determined by the amount of BOD, this is because the amount of oxygen present is determined and also the amount available for both plants and organisms to use up and maintain a balance ecosystem. Increase of biochemical oxygen demand in a water body can be caused by; * If there is high level of organic pollutant   High level of nutrients. Increase in BOD causes species or microroganisms that are sensitive to lower dissolved oxygen to be replaced by organisms that are more tolerant to low dissolved oxygen, these results in a shift in the ecosystem. Organic and nitrogenous compounds are responsible for high levels of BOD, basically biochemical oxygen demand is divide into carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxygen demand. Aerobic organisms utilize organic and nitrogenous nutrients and these processes require high amount of dissolved oxygen. This is represented thus; Organic C6H2O6 + 6O2(aq) + bacteria 6CO2 (aq) + H2O (5) Nitrogenous. COHNS + O2 + bacteria CO2 + NH3 + energy (6) From equations 5 and 6, it is obvious that oxygen is consumed to the detriment of the water body. Factors that causes high Biochemical Oxygen Demand Organic matters are the source of high biochemical oxygen demand, the sources of these contaminant are, industrial effluents, leaves, dead plants, animal manure, sewage treatment works, urban runoff and agricultural runoff. However, in Nigeria the most significant contribution of organic compounds in water are the petroleum and petrochemical industries, oil exploration activities are being carried out.

Understanding children and young people Essay Example for Free

Understanding children and young people Essay Children’s development is influenced by a variety of different personal factors, such as: †¢health status †¢disability †¢sensory impairment †¢learning difficulties Health status: A child health status could be determined by their genes or factors such as environment, diet and stress this could have a big impact on the child development. A child being born into a family that both parents carry a trait of sickle cell, that child has one in four chance of being born with sickle cell anaemia. Due to the illness the child sequences and rate development could be affected because of the illness. A child living in a poor environment where it is cold and damp is mostly to develop asthma and also has a bad diet could become obesity or undernourished. This could affect a child aspect of development as they may feel they dont want to play with other children because of their weight or they cant play because their illness restrict what they can do. Children could find it hard to settle in a nursery/ playgroup because they have missed session due to illness this could also be stressful for the child because they might find it hard to make friends. As an nursery worker or playgroup leader you should always make children with an illness or coming from a poor background should all be treated equal and make sure they miss out as little as possible. Disability Sensory impairment: Children born with disabilities could affect their aspect development for example A child in a wheelchair or with a serious physical impairment would find it hard to do many activities, particularity those that are physically demanding. Gross motor skills would be at a less developed rate than peers and fine motor skills may be affected if the child had little or no control over their limbs. Although a disability can affect a child development there should always support and opportunities for children to be able to learn and develop , for example a child should have one to one support or a key worker where that person is allocated to that child to help them gain and learn the same as their peers. Learning difficulties: There are many different types of learning  difficulties which can affect a child aspect development in many different ways and also rate of development. Learning difficulties does affect everyone in different ways as we are different individuals they are also present differently at various stages of development. Cognitive development is majorly affected as it covers the way the brain processes information. Learning difficulties prevents the brains ability to receive, process, store, respond to and communicate information. For example a child that is dyslexic will have trouble confusing letter names and sounds, difficulties blending sounds into words, slow rate of reading, trouble remembering after reading text. They will find it hard to concentrate in school as it affects their intellectual skills, this could lead the child feeling left out with their peers. They may might need to have one-to-one lessons at school to help educate them as they may not be at the same cognitive stage as peers.

Cultivation of Red Seaweed Kappaphycus Alvarezii (Doty)

Cultivation of Red Seaweed Kappaphycus Alvarezii (Doty) Cultivation of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) in deeper-seawater of South Sulawesi, Indonesia Petrus A. Wenno Abstract. The culture of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii in shallow water is at present increased in accordance with the necessity to multiply biomass. This economic commodity is highly demand for its polysaccharide. However, an effort to expand the cultivation area is difficult to several places. This problem may be overcome by employing some hanging rafts at different depths. This research was carried out for 49 days under three different treatments, i.e., two morphological types (green and brown), three initial seedlings (50, 100 and 150g) and five different water depths (100, 250, 400, 550 and 700 cm). The result showed significant differences in growth and biomass among three treatments (P Keywords: Kappaphycus alvarezii, deeper water, daily growth rate, biomass, carrageenan Introduction. The culture of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii has been conducted in almost around Indonesia waters recently since it was first introduced (Adnan and Porse 1987). Normally, the culture take place in shallow waters at a depth of about 10 meters, but not all waters can be utilized for culturing. Seaweed biomass obtained through longline technique in shallow waters can produce about 12 tons acre yr-1 (Dahuri 2012). The product can reach 48 tons acre yr-1 when vertical technique is deployed in deep water (Hurtado and Agbayani 2002). Deep water area can be used as a productive culture site when meet the requirements of seeds quality, the initial weight and water depth. The utilization of deep waters should be in agreement to the status of coral reefs around the location as an essential requirement for obtaining higher biomass production (Chandrasekaran et al. 2008). High biomass production achieves through deep water culture system (Hurtado-Ponce et al. 1996) suggest that the deep water can be used for large-scale cultivation. Sahoo et al. (2002) and Sahoo and Ohno (2003) suggest that water comes from deep column is very rich in nutrients and can be used alternatively as laboratory culture media and cultivation media for Kappaphycus and other types of seaweed. However, the use of deep water has several constrains related to physical and chemical characteristics, cultivation equipment and proper environment to make it usable. As an important commodity with high market demand, cultivation of K. alvarezii requires broader area in order to meet market demand (Nurdjana 2010). There are few studies related to growth and carrageenan content generating in shallow waters (Hurtado et al. 2008; Naguit et al. 2009). However, there were not many studies dealt with growth and the yield of carrageenan in deeper waters. This study was aimed to assess the growth of K. alvarezii in deeper waters based on different strains, initial weights and depths of the waters that affect growth, biomass and the yield of carrageenan. 2 Material and Method. Seedlings of green and brown strains of K. alvarezii were obtained directly from the cultivation area in the Takalar Regency of South Sulawesi. These seeds were used after three days acclimatization. Good seeds are the young plants with their tips still sharp and in conical shape (Neish 2005). The seeds were then put at hanging raft (Figure 1) and monitored for 49 days for growth, biomass and carrageenan yield. Hanging rafts (Wenno 2014) were designed to replace hanging rope techniques (Hurtado et al. 2001). Each raft consists of two PVC pipes (L = 200 cm, à ¸ = 5 cm) filled with a mixture of concrete cement which served as the weigh. Both PVC pipes connected by two pieces of wood (H x W x L: 5 x 7 x 400 cm) at the end to form a raft. The total area of raft is 8 m2 (W x L: 200 x 400 cm). Some nylon strings (à ¸ = 4 mm) with the length of 4 m were used to connect both PVC pipes and functioning as a binding place for seaweed seeds. The distance between the nearest two strings was 20 cm. The raft was hung in the water column with the help of the buoy ropes (à ¸ = 10 mm) and was placed at different depths (100, 250, 400, 550 and 700 cm). The buoy was made of Styrofoam (H x W x L: 40 x 50 x 50 cm). During operation, the first raft was connected to the second; the second raft was connected to the third and so on until the fifth at a maximum depth of 700 cm. The hanging rafts construction was t hen tied to the anchor ropes (à ¸ = 12 mm), meanwhile the anchor was made from flour sacks filled with sand (Figure 1). buoy water line nylon ropes hangring rafts PVC with concrete cement inside sandbags anchor raft, view from above Figure1. Hanging rafts construction, viewed from frontage (Source: Wenno 2014) Seaweed seeds were then tied to the span ropes according to tie-tie technique (Goes and Reis 2010). Seedlings from different initial weights (50, 100 and 150 g) were tied to the twin knot ropes (à ¸ 1 mm). The closest distance between two nodes was 20 cm. Seeds of different strains and different initial weight (250, 500, 750 g) were placed on different rafts at different depth. Samplings were carried out for seven consecutive weeks. Data were then used to calculate daily growth rate (DGR) which was determined weekly using the following formula of Dawes et al. (1993) in Hurtado et al. (2001) as follows: à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ·Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ºÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¦= à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ º à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  0 1à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ Ãâ€"100 Where : DGR = daily growth rate (%) à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ = fresh weight at day t à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  0 = initial fresh weight t = time interval of measurement (7 days) 3 Seaweed biomass was recorded at the end of experiment and expressed as fresh weight of seaweed per unit culture area (g.m-2), and computed with the following formula: à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…’= à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡Ã¢Ë†â€™Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  0 à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ´ Where: Y = biomass production à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¡ = fresh weight atday t à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  0 = initial fresh weight A = area of 1 m2 raft. The measurement of carrageenan contents (yield) following the formula suggested in Hayashi et al. (2007) and Hung et al. (2009): à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…’à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¶= à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¤ Ãâ€"100 Where: YC = carrageenan content (%) à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¶ = weight of carrageenan extract (g) à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ…  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ¤ = dry weight of analysed thallus (g) Three factor analysis of variance according to Zar (1999) were used to analyse the experiment data and was performed with SPSS v 21 software. Subsequent analysis with Tukeys HSD test was computed when there were significant differences among treatments with level of significance (P Results and Discussions. Daily growth rate of Kappaphycus alvarezii shows the interaction between strain and initial weight, strain and depth, as well as the initial weight and depth which was highly significant (P0.05). Further test showed that the highest daily growth rate of green and brown strains was obtained at the initial weight of 100g, which tend to be the same (2.84%). It was related to the density of plant (Hurtado et al, 2008), leading to rapid growth in the initial weight. Daily growth rate at the initial weight of 100g was influenced by the interaction between solar radiation, temperature, nutrient and water movement (Santelices 1999), and causing absorption of nutrients faster than other initial weights. Absorption of nutrients was influenced by the density of plants (Azanza-Corrale et al. 1996). Daily growth rate of K. Alvarezii of green and brown strains tend to be the same. The highest similarity daily growth rate in green strain was achieved at the depths of 100 and 250 cm (2.55%), and the lowest one was at 700 cm depth (2.23%). The highest similarity daily growth rate in brown strain was also achieved at the depth of 100 and 250 cm (2.83%), and the lowest one was at a depth of 700 cm (2.57%). The highest daily growth rate of green and brown strains associated with the movement of water (Santelices 1999). The movement of the water at that depth was turbulent, consequently reduce the thickness of water that is not mixed in the boundary layer (Neish 2005), and the absorption of nutrients in this depth is faster. Glenn and Doty (1990) suggested that the absorption of nutrients during the fast flowing water between thalli is higher for ammonium at a lower depth than for nitrate at the higher depth. The absorption of ammonium by seaweed is more important than nitrate (Dy and Y ap 2001; Raikar and Wafar 2006). Similarly to daily growth rate, biomass production of K. alvarezii showed the interaction between strain and initial weight, strain and depth, as well as the initial weight and depth which was highly significant (P0.05). The highest biomass production of green strain was achieved for the initial weight of 100g (10,219 g.m-2), and the lowest with the initial weight of 50g (6,709 g.m-2). The highest biomass production of brown strain was found for the initial weight of 150 g (11,450 g.m-2), and the lowest one with the initial weight of 50g (7,479 g.m-2). The highest biomass production achieved was related to the density of K. alvarezii thalli (Hurtado et al. 2008) that affect the circulation of nutrients. With the initial weight of 100g the biomass production of green and brown strains gained was two times higher than the initial weight of 50g. The 4 biomass production of green strain with the initial weight of 100g was optimal and may not be increased above this initial weight whilst the biomass production of brown strain can be increased up to the initial weight of 150g. The highest biomass production of green strain can be obtained at a depth of 100 cm (9,172 g.m-2) and of brown strain at a depth of 250 cm (10,522 g.m-2). The similarity of the highest biomass production of both strains obtained at depths of 100 and 250 cm. The highest biomass production similarity of brown strain was achieved at 100 and 250 cm depth. This is related to the absorption of nutrients in the lower depths which is faster than that of the higher depth (Neish 2005). Turbulent water movement causes the thickness of the boundary layer between the water and thalli reduced and accelerated the diffusion of nutrients into thalli (Neish 2005). Biomass production of K. alvarezii was influenced by the interaction between nutrients and the movement of seawater among thalli (Santelices 1999). The yield of carrageenan in K. alvarezii shows the interaction between strain and initial weight, strain and depth, as well as the initial weight and depth and was highly significant (P0.05). The yield of carrageenan of green and brown strains was obtained with low initial weight. The yield of green strain obtained with the initial weight of 50g was higher (15.06%) than that of the brown strain (12.33%) of the same initial weight. The yield of green and brown strains was higher at the higher depths when compared to the lower depths. The highest yield of carrageenan in green strain was obtained at a depth of 550 cm (14.71%) and brown strain at the depth of 700 cm (12.18%). The highest yield of carrageenan is the result of the interaction between depth and the initial weight at a depth of 700 cm with the initial weight of 50g (14.70%), followed by the initial weight of 100 g (13.25%) and the initial weight of 150g (11.95%). The results showed that the yield of carrageenan in both strai ns was not in line with the daily growth rate. It was found that the yield of carrageenan in this study was contrarily with the finding of Hurtado et al. (2008) with a long line cultivation technique, which yields an increase in line with the daily growth rate. In this study, carrageenan yield of K. alvarezii green and brown strain increases with the depth and corresponding with the increasing level of carotenoid which obtained at the highest carotenoid level at a depth of 700 cm for both strains. Carotenoid acts as antenna pigments for absorbing light in the process of photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates. However, carrageenan yield in this study is lower than the findings of Hayashi et al. (2007) and Distantina et al. (2011). Conclusions. Daily growth rate of K. Alvarezii green and brown strains was influenced by the initial weight and tend to be reduced by an increasing of depth. Biomass production was also reduced by the increasing depth with the highest biomass of green strain obtained with lower initial weight, and brown strain with higher initial weight. The yield of carrageenan increased according to depth with the highest yield was observed at green strain compare to brown strain. To obtain higher biomass and carrageenan yield, cultivation should be done at a lower depth for green strain and at a rather lower to higher depth for brown strain. Acknowledgements. This study was supported by BPPS grant of DGHE from Ministry of Education and Culture Affair of Republic of Indonesia. The author would like to thanks Mr. Akrim Djusdil, Chairman and Mr. Mus Mulyadi, Analyst of PT. Bantimurung Indah in Maros Regency of South Sulawesi for their help; and thanks also to Daeng Bani the seawee

Fake Love In The Truman Show :: essays research papers

Truman Paper The term fake love in itself does not make that much sense. How can someone express love, which is feeling that provides unconditional caring and commitment, and then call it fake. The only real way to have fake love for someone is to not love at all, but just to think you love. In the movie The Truman Show there are many individuals whom exhibit an illusion of love for the main character, Truman. At the beginning of the movie many of the characters appear to have genuine love for Truman. However, as the movie progresses almost all of the people whom are close to Truman, show in one way or another how they only think they love him. The best examples of these types of characters are his wife, his best friend, and his creator. His own wife, someone whom should be completely faithful and truthful with him lies to him on a daily basis. Her fake love is most clear when she crosses that line between actress and a real person. When she is acting she is trying her best to portray a woman who m truly loves him, but after seeing her act for so long even Truman can see her real personality underneath. He spots a person whom in real life cannot even stand him, but she puts a vale on to cover that. She probably really would like to love him but she cannot change the person she is any more than Truman can. Truman’s best friend has the same fake love traits as his wife. Even though they were friends from children they always had a secret between them. He had the illusion of loving Truman probably just because he had known him so long. Though, once you’ve lied to a person over and over the love is gone. He lied so many times that by the end of the film it could be seen that even at Truman’s worst moment he could lie to him to keep his job and the show going on. Truman’s wife and friend were not the only people in his life that had an illusion of love for him. Every one that he came in contact with in his own little city had a sort of fake love for hi m. He was the reason that they were employed and the reason that the show went on.

Clinton Administrations Proposal To Increase Taxes For Multinational Co

My topic is the increase if the taxes which Clinton Administration is planning. This increase in taxes will target "multinational Corporations, end the favored tax treatment of extra long term bonds", It will also raise capital gains taxes by â€Å"changing the rules for computing the cost basis of securities when they are sold at a profit†. What this will do is increase the taxes for the rich and will decrease the difference between the rich and the poor. The plan is intent on cutting the middle class tax and finance higher education (yeah right). The current tax law decreases the Federal Treasury Revenue and makes the economy less efficient or less competitive. The multinational tax would disallow multinationals to assume half of their goods are foreign even if they are made in the US. Thus they could export to a country with low taxes and thus pay less taxes. This change would bring an increase of 7.9 Billion in corporate taxes over the next 5 years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This withdraws a lot of money from the economy and may thus decrease demand for goods, as people have less money to spend. The multinationals would employ many people and with and increase in their cost (tax is a type of cost) they would be forced to decrease the average amount of wages which the their employees received. This may take the form of decreased raises, or the laying off of some people. This would thus decrease aggregate demand for goods Nationally (as Multinationals would employ people in th...

Greek Politics Essay -- Political Democracy Governmental Essays

Greek Politics At the foundation of the widely differing systems devised by democratic peoples, there is one essential conviction, expressed in the word democracy itself: that power should be in the hands of the people. Although democracy today has been slightly inefficient in this idea, with the wealthy, elite class challenging this right, â€Å"it nevertheless claims for itself a fundamental validity that no other kind of society shares†¦.† To completely understand the structure of democracy, one must return to the roots of the practice itself, and examine the origins in ancient Greece, the expansion in the Roman Empire, and how these practices combined make what we recognize as today’s democratic government. Democracy began with the Greeks in the various city-states. Political thought also began in Greece. The â€Å"calm and clear rationalism of the Greek mind† started this way of thinking. Rather than focusing on the religious sphere, the Greeks chose to concentrate on the self and all things visible. They attempted to enter the world of the light of reason. â€Å"Democratic ideology and democratic political thought – the one implicitly, the other explicitly – sought to reconcile freedom and the pursuit of one’s own good with public order.† A sense of the value of the individual was thus one of the primary conditions of the development of political thought in Greece. Political life expressed a shared, ordered self- understanding, not a mere struggle for power. This ideal led to the birth of a new government, a self-governing community – the Greek city-state. A city-state is â€Å"an aggregation of free human beings, bound together by common ties, some of which may be called natural ties, some artificial.† Natural ties are those such as race, language, religion, and land – the territory occupied by the city-state. Artificial ties include law, customs, government, commerce, and self-defense. A governing body does not need all of these ties to become a city-state; however, all must have a reasonable amount of artificial ties. Every community must possess some form of law, otherwise the people are bound together only by natural ties, and thus, they are not a governing body. The Greek polis enabled the people to express their individualism. The polis was â€Å"ideological and it was reflective† in allowing a person to be a part of the political society a... ...w York: Worth Publishers, Inc., 1999). 1. Light. 2. Light. 14. Light. 27. Light. 2. Bibliography Adcock, F.E. Roman Political Ideas and Practice. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1966 Agard, Walter R. What Democracy Meant to the Greeks. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1942. Barker, Sir Ernest. Greek Political Theory: Plato and His Predecessors. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1960. Easton, David. The Political System: an Inquiry into the State of Political Science. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1971. Farrer, Cynthia. The Origins of Democratic Thinking: the Invention of Politics in Classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Fowler, W. Warde. The City State of the Greeks and Romans. London: MacMillian & Co. Ltd., 1963. Hollister, C. Warren. Roots of the Western Tradition: A Short History of the Ancient World. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996. Light, Paul C. A Delicate Balance. New York: Worth Publishers, Inc., 1999. Rhodes, Henry A. â€Å"The Athenian Court and the American Court System.† Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

Review of Cocktail Party Economics

Review of Cocktail Party Economics for The Economist As an economics training book, Cocktail Party Economics highlights the concepts of economics, bringing them to light in a simple way without taking away from the importance of each theory and thought. This is a book written to engage its readers and interest them in the idea of the economic thought process. Addressed to â€Å"students everywhere, especially those who like economics †¦ or want to,† this book is exactly that. Cocktail Party Economics is a skillful portrayal of the process of economic thought, which entertains young readers due to the author’s sometimes silly and sarcastic moments.Economics may sometimes appear to be a difficult subject filled with elaborate terms and descriptions hard to grasp the understanding of, yet the book brings the subject to life and turns it into a less complex compilation of concepts in a cocktail party setting. Each chapter begins with a quote which ties in the ideas of the following paragraphs and each chapter ends with a simple yet important sentence, tying in the concepts in which the reader has just been educated on. In Chapter 5, the beginning quote states: â€Å"There is hardly anybody good for everything, and there is scarcely anybody who is absolutely good for nothing. This was spoken by Philip Dormer Stanhope, a British statesman. The quote at the beginning of the chapter provokes the mind of the reader to begin to think of The Absolute of Comparative Advantage (Chapter 5). At the end of the chapter, there is a picture of a cocktail napkin with a sentence upon it, stating: â€Å"Comparative advantage will determine what people will supply. † This sentence is the anchor to a chapter full of ideas about comparative advantage, bringing the chapter to a close, simply and delightfully.The idea of using the cocktail napkin to close each chapter is simply genius; it unites the ideas of the chapters with the overall theme of the book. Goss ip Column: an imaginative idea used to enlighten the reader about long-deceased members of humanity who have contributed a great deal to the economics society. There are many Gossip Columns within the book; each one displaying the lives of an economist and their contributions to today’s economic society. These are especially important to this work of literature because they highlight the key concepts developed by deceased economists and ow these concepts are used in today’s day and age. The reader is consumed by the column and what it has to offer: a chance to understand the idea of economics on a greater scale. Visualization is an essential factor of Cocktail Party Economics, as it is aimed at a student audience. Visuals in which a student sees within the text help the individual to expand their learning and retain more information. The use of charts offers the reader a chance to refer to them in the case of confusion or misunderstanding.These visual aids help each re ader on their journey of understanding the theories of economics. Either in the form of a chart or picture, Cocktail Party Economics challenges readers to apply their knowledge to understand the text better through the visual aids. Overall, Cocktail Party Economics is a great tool to use when trying to grasp the idea of economics and the impacts of the theories on modern society. The book contains a great deal of aids in the form of quotes, Gossip Columns, charts, and pictures, helping the reader to better their understanding.The authors make the text easy to read, using a somewhat story-telling setting. The title, Cocktail Party Economics, is very well suited to the book and explains what the book is about: being able to bring economics into a conversation at such a setting as a cocktail party. The book then furthers to explain the concepts of economics, explaining them in a way that is not dull; therefore, could be brought up in conversation at a cocktail party. Cocktail Party Eco nomics is a book about big ideas and exceptionally scales them down to a level a student will understand.

QCF Level 2 Health and Social Care Diploma Group A: Mandatory Units Knowledge Workbook Essay

Identify the different reasons people communicate. People communicate to express needs,feelings,ideas,ask questions,share experiences Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work Effective communication helps to understand client’s needs Explain why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them see more:describe the components of a personal development plan Because I can know from the reactions how the person feels(happy,pain),if the person understand what I am trying to say,if the person is interested in conversation SHC022 Introduction to personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings Understand what is required for competence in own work role (1.2,1.3) Identify standards that influence the way the role is carried out This standarts are including in health and safety act 1974,Moving and Hnadling Guidelines,Hasawa,Riddor,Coshh Describe ways to ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs do not obstruct the quality of work. Treat everyone equaly)no difference in sex,religion,race†¦) Be able to reflect on own work activities (2.1) Explain why reflecting on practice is an important way to develop knowledge, skills and practice. Reflecting on practise helps me to see what I am doing good,where(in which areas)I need advice or more training Be able to agree a personal development plan (3.1, 3.2) Identify sources of support for own learning and development. -Selfeducation (internet,books) -Meetings with supervisor and more training Describe the process for agreeing a personal development plan and who should be involved. In personal development plan should be involved suprvisor and I. For this plan I have to know what I want to learn,what my targets are and update with supervisor to see how big progress I’ve done and what needs to be changed Professional discussion with Assessor on SHC022 Candidate signature Assessor signature SHC023 Introduction to equality and inclusion in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings Understand the importance of equality and inclusion (1.1,1.2,1.3) Explain what is meant by: a) diversity =diference(that everyone is unique and different) b) equality =treat the people on same way(and treating people in way appropriate to their needs) c) inclusion =including(inclusion is about giving a fair chance to be included without discrimination) d) discrimination =wrong judgement based on sex,religion,rase,disability†¦ (leave someone out of the team because of judgement) Describe ways in which discrimination may deliberately or inadvertently occur in the work setting. For example: -bus driver won’t let wheelchair user and carer into the bus because he doesn’t want to make ready the ramp for wheelchair -carer and clien’t will be different religion and client will celebrate own festive days(of religion) but won’t allow carer do celebrate hers/his religion festive days Explain how practices that support equality and inclusion reduce the likelihood of discrimination. Be example-to show the public right attidude towards discrimination (for example support wheelchair user who’s discriminated by refusing enter into bus) Be able to work in an inclusive way (2.1, 2.3) Identify legislation, codes of practice and organisational polices and procedures (where these exist) relating to equality, diversity, discrimination and rights in own role. -Disability Discrimination Act -Human Rights Act 1998 -Employment equality regulations 2003 -Special education need and disability act 2000 -The sex discrimination Act 1975 Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change. action=do something when I see discrimination and not to ignore it question it=ask why and discus it Be able to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion (3.1) Describe situations in which additional information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion may be needed. There’s different methods of obtaining information on diversity,equality and inclusion. -goverment web site (list of all current legislations to protect the rights of individuals -age UK group (can supply materials to hand out to client ) I may need this informations to help client who is seeking advise on particular subject or if I am trying to obtain information in order to support client SHC024 Introduction to duty of care in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings. Understand the meaning of duty of care (1.1, 1.2) Define the term ‘duty of care’ Duty of care is responsibility towards the person I look after(in meaning to keep the person safe and away from harm) Describe how the duty of care affects own work. Duty of care means it is my part of my job to keep me and my client safe so I am following all security rules to keep everything safe and if there’s any new changes ,training or update I follow the new rules Understand support available for addressing dilemmas that may arise about duty of care (2.1, 2.2) Describe dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individual’s rights. The client knows what she/he is doing.It’s client’s right to decide about own life even if I disagree with client’s choise and I have to respect that (for example what is healthy to eat,what activities client wants to do†¦) Explain where to get additional support and advice about how to resolve such dilemmas. I am seeking support and advice from my supervisor or from office. Way how to avoid conflicts because of this dilemmas is to make sure individual is aware of the consequences Know how to respond to complaints (3.1, 3.2) Describe how to respond to complaints -respond the complaining asap -acknowledge mistake -speak about different views on what happened -explaining situation for both sides and appology Identify the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints -recorded and documented procedure -complaint is listened to and respected -procedure is clear -it may have formal and informal options HSC024 Principles of safeguarding and protection in health and social care Know how to recognise signs of abuse ( 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) Define the following types of abuse: a) Physical abuse -if someone physicaly harm other person b) Sexual abuse -forcing into unwanted sex contact c) Emotional/psychological abuse -†doing harm with words† -if someone behave on way that emotionally attack other person d) Financial abuse -using person’s money,property or other valuable things without this persnon’s knowing(unauthorised,illegal use) e) Institutional abuse -abuse happening in care homes,hospitals†¦can be any or combination of these:discriminatory abuse,financial,neglect,physical,emotional,sexual abuse f) Self neglect -when person neglect ownself(basic needs,personal hygiene) g) Neglect by others -passive for of abuse(for example carer should provide care for client but carer doesn’t give client an adequate care†¦do not change dirty linen,catheters) Identify the signs and /symptoms associated with each type of abuse. -physical:brurses,scratches,change behavior -sexual:brurses,scratches in genital area,change behaviour -emotinal:changing behaviour -financial:the affected person doesn’t know where are the money dissapearing -neglect:affected person will shown lacl of personal hygiene,health problems,dirthy cloths Describe factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse. -if the individual has comunication difficulties,is socialy isolated,is depended on other person’s help Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) Explain the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abused. I have professional duty to report any wetnessed or suspected abuse to my supervisor or to the office.this information is refered to social services and it musst be assessed Explain the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused. -let the person speak -ask open questions(those where is no possible to answer yes or no) -don’t ask leading questions -take every allegattion seriously -contact and inform supervisor and office Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved. -make a written record of conversation(date,time on it) -ensure written records are kept in safe place(bills,letters,medication records,bank statements) -record any physical signs of abuse on body(bruising,cuts) -not tidy anything up(wait for police) Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from abuse (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4,) Identify national polices and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse. -human rights act 1998 -equality act 2000 -social services Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse. -work together to prevent and protect adults from risk of abuse -support people to make their own choises -investigated actual or suspected abuse and neglect Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse. For example: -if I am witness of abuse and I wont report it -if agency will get report of abuse from carer and won’t take an adequate acction -if I as a witness of active abuse call police and the police won’t show up Identify sources of information and advice about own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse. Supervisor-safe guarding courses local safe guarding team-social services independent safeguarding authority Understand ways to reduce the likelihood of abuse (4.1, 4.2) Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by: a) working with person centred values -encourage in contact with community,support to build up self confidence b) encouraging active participation -coopretaion with organization for disabled people(be part of disabled comunity) c) promoting choice and rights -by supporting with choises(places where to go for trips),accept the individual’s right for own decision but supporting to make sure client is safe Explain the importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse. Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices ( 5.1, 5.2, 5.3) Describe unsafe practices that may affect the well-being of individuals -not safe practise during moving and handling -incorect use of equipment -not disposing of waste properly Explain the actions to take id unsure practices have been identified. -inform supervisor -write records of what is wrong + guidence Describe the action to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response. Keep reporting in case of abuse(report to supervisor,office again) call police(as nothing has been done foe change and the situaton may cause harm of client)

Patient Education Plan Essay

This is a Patient Education Plan for a patient suffering from a gastrointestinal disease called liver cirrhosis. Gastrointestinal infection is said to be any communicable disease which involves the gastrointestinal tract making it as its portal of entry of affecting it by any means. The organisms which produce toxins cause this kind of infectious intestinal disease all by themselves. Thus, cirrhosis is an irreversible type of liver damage described as a dense scarring (fibrosis) of the hepatic tissues. In the United States, the major causes are excessive alcohol consumption and viral Hepatitis C. Other known causes include chronic hepatitis B and D, iron overload, autoimmune/inherited diseases, chronic bile duct obstruction, and drugs, toxins and other infections as well. The patient in this specific case is a 38-year old male who has been working as a gardener and janitor in one of the prestigious learning institutions in the United States. Even if he is only 38, he looks like he is 50 years old already. Let us call him â€Å"Dave† for purposes of confidentiality and patient protection. Dave is the breadwinner of a family of five. He has three children and his wife is working as a clerk for an agency within the neighborhood. Being a gardener and a janitor at the same time, he is often on duty the whole day under the intense heat of the sun with little rest or no rest at all. He also works daily without any rest days and frequently engages in over time to get extra pay to sustain life’s needs. Patient 2 Because of too much toiling done, Dave believes he deserves to relax after work so he always drinks alcohol to relax his muscles. This has become a regular habit of his for the past 15 years. It all began as a relaxing strategy until it has become a daily habit. Drinking has become his idea of socialization. Though he knows the dilemmas of habitual drinking, he is finding a hard time to get himself to minimize or stop drinking. Even at work, he keeps a bottle secretly kept so he can take sips or gulps from time to time while keeping himself busy. It has become as sort-of water to him. It should be noted that before Dave became an alcoholic, he has a large frame weighing 180 lbs. and standing at 5 feet and 11 inches. After he became an alcoholic, he now weighs only 150 lbs. which is way below his ideal weight. His skin wrinkled and darkened but with tinges of yellowish areas all throughout his body. His body bulged since his liver has inflamed already and edema has occurred inside him. Physically, one will know right then that he is sick. As to his family history, it is important to be aware that his father was also a habitual drinker but lucky enough for him that he did not develop liver cirrhosis. However, two brothers of his father had liver cirrhosis and one of them died of the disease. Therefore, said gastrointestinal disease runs in their family. Dave had a chance of going to college but because of attitude problems he fell short and finished only high school. So he ended up with a menial job as a school gardener and janitor. Based on his scholastic records, he was a good student. He gained good grades, not academically rewarding but decent enough to pass college scholarships. His alleged stubborn traits had won him over. Patient 3 The patient, Dave, preferred to engage in one-to-one learning technique rather than learning by group method. Dave has several sensitive, private and critical issues which he opts to share only with the learning provider, in this case, the nurse. In fact, Dave did not even approved of the idea of â€Å"learning† at first because of his stubbornness. He wants to do things alone but with thorough explanation, he was able to understand his condition little by little and began cooperating to work on his sick state. So what is liver cirrhosis all about? The disease has been defined earlier as a form of liver damage which affects the gastrointestinal system. Among the early signs include weakness/fatigue, anorexia, stomatitis, tea-colored urine, clay-colored stool, amenorrhea, decreased sexual urge, loss of pubic and axilla hair, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and pruritus or urticaria. Late signs involve hematological, endocrine, GIT and neurological changes. Further, it can complicate into more serious illnesses such as edema and ascites (fluid buildup), bruising and bleeding, jaundice, itching, gallstones, toxins in the blood or brain leading to impaired brain function, kidney failure, sensitivity to medication, portal hypertension, varices, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes, liver cancer and problems with other organs. In Dave’s case, it began as a severe case of alcoholism combined with malnutrition which led Laennec’s cirrhosis. This went on to the destruction of hepatic cells or hepatocytes then fibrosis or scarring. Following thereafter is an obstruction of blood flow which increases pressure in the venous and sinusoidal channels then fatty infiltration leading to further fibrosis or scarring. Finally, portal hypertension or high blood pressure (hypertension) in the portal veins and its branches resulted. Patient 4 The prevalence of liver cirrhosis can come across all ages starting at the age of 21 but as the age increases, the rate of scarring progression increases as well. This means that liver cirrhosis cases are more serious with higher age. In Dave’s case, his age may directly affect the severity of his condition. Development of his illness was hastened in that it has been at least 15 years since he became a habitual drinker. It was accumulated through time and in his case, progression is faster compared to others. Because of his liver disease, he cannot work as a gardener and janitor anymore as these are jobs which require much strength and energy. He cannot fulfill his responsibilities at home and his family as well since his health is generally impaired. Further, he cannot participate in community activities too. Patient needs to be educated regarding his nutritional needs. He must monitor his calorie intake and the amounts and kinds of food that he takes to avoid obesity. If possible, he must be given a schedule of diet so he can eat the right kinds of food at the right time and place. Moreover, he must be taught how to improve his depreciating self-esteem due to inability to fulfill his usual duties. He must develop healthy lifestyle practices and new behaviors which will help him regain his confidence. From this moment on, Dave must be able to recover from his health and personality deficiencies. Instead of feeling down and troubled, he must mature by seeing the brighter side of life. The key is acceptance of his present condition and avoid feeling regretful and confused as much as possible. This can be done more competently with the support of the nurse and the significant others who are connected to him.

A Comparison between Romeo and Juliet, and Much Ado About Nothing

Comparisons are great between many of Shakespeare’s works. Many comparisons can be made in lies, fights, and conflict between Romeo and Juliet, which is a tragedy, and Much Ado About Nothing, which is a comedy. After comparing them both they show these in all elements. First, characters in both plays include villains, lovers, and friends. In both pieces the topic of lies comes up many times. Many characters display this. The first act of dishonesty happened when Romeo and Benvolio tried to deceive the Capulet’s by attending their feast, uninvited. As a result, Romeo met Juliet, and instantly fell in love, which was the beginning of the play. When he met Juliet, Romeo said, â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night† (1. 5. 52-53). Romeo is already in love, when he has only just met this woman. This is the main cause of the entire tragedy. The most destructive act of lying was in â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† when Borachio and Don John framed young Hero. â€Å"But you are more intemperate in your blood/Than Venus, or those pamper’d animals† (4. 1. 53-54). Claudio has just accused Hero of being unworthy due to a framed situation.. This entirely ruined their wedding. Consequences are also shown throughout both to prove the trouble of love. In both plays love is the bond that holds them together, in spite of many fights the two face. For instance, the entire tale of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is based upon a feud. The Montague’s and Capulet’s despise one another. The fight continues to dwell on; the families refuse to forgive and forget. â€Å"From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,?where civil blood makes civil hands unclean† (1. 1. 3). This stubborn mindset prevents young Juliet and Romeo from public love. In Much Ado About Nothing, the main plot also contains an angry perspective. Beatrice and Benedick are constantly bickering throughout the story. Both characters are witty and quick to start an argument. Your foolish reaction can often be expressed as Signor Mountanto† (2. 2. 4-5). This is just an example of Beatrice’s rude attitude, which is often displayed by Benedick as well. As there fighting continues, a love begins to grow. Possibly, the internal feelings they both had caused the continual disagreements. Lastly, the conflict of both plays proved the problems love may cause. Because of the rivalry the Montague’s and Capulet’s maintained, Romeo and Juliet were prohibited from being seen in public as a couple. This; however did not prevent the two from being together. â€Å"With love’s light wings did I o'erperch these walls/For stony limits cannot hold love out,† (2. 2. 66-67). Romeo says his feelings, and says it is impossible to keep him away from her. The secrecy between the two began and soon ended in problem. In William Shakespeare’s other work, â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† there are also many secrets. The characters work together to show Benedick and Beatrice they have feelings for one another. â€Å"Dote on Signor Benedick, whom she hath in all outward behaviors seemed ever to abhor† (2. 3. 81-82). Both people were fooled into discovering love with each other. In conclusion we can say they are both the same piece of literature, however with dramatic diversities. As you read you begin to realize this even more so. Each characters and there feelings relate to another, and allows for a rather complicated, interesting plot.

Ecological property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. A Essay

Ecological property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. A study on the flora and fauna - Essay Example Ecological property the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. A study on the flora and fauna The administration of these forests is run by the Directorate General of Forest conservation and forest protection. It is situated along the north, south and central part of the equator alongside the Bukit Barisan mountain range. These three areas have a much defined kind of flora and fauna, exhibiting a lot of diversity in their composition. Overall, these areas can be considered to be a hotbed for ecological diversity. However, the temperature can be said to be warm in general with higher temperatures, higher rainfall being experienced for nine months of the year in the wetter parts and seven months in the drier areas (Marshall et al., 2010). This has also been one of the contributing factors in the higher variety of the species. The humidity can also be highlighted, as it tends to maintain a constant value of close to 60 percent, especially above the altitudes of 1,700 metres. Overall, the temperature displays a consistency of being around 20-28 degree Celsius throughout the year (68 to 83 Fahrenheit). The Indonesian archipelago comprises 10 percent of the population of flowering plants and Sumatra is a part of the Sundaland hotspot. It has one of the largest rainforests in Southeast Asia, ranking along the likes of Borneo and Papua New Guinea (Thornton, 1997). The number of species of plants that inhabit this region is staggering. Almost 10,000 species of plants are present in these forest that range from coastal to sub-alpine conditions. It presents a rare opportunity for environmentalists; as such a diverse set of flora is very difficult to spot in any other part of the world. The constituent flora However, this flora is primarily shared in its constitution and composition with the region comprising west of Malisia spanning from the south of Thailand to the islands of New Guinea. Specifically, the northern region of Lake Toba has a very distinct Sumatran flora which is largely montane and sub-alpine kind of vegetation (Thornton, 1997). This area has 12 pe rcent of the species and around 17 percent of species which are endemic in composition. All the species are extremely rich, and the number totals close to 4,000. There are major differences between the highland and the lowland vegetation in these areas, and also among the north and south due to the presence of natural barriers. One of the distinctive features in the park is the presence of phyto-geographic regions, which vary according to the altitude. The tropical conditions are existent up to the elevation of 1,000 metres. In that, around 300 metres of the vegetation comprises of the coastal forest and other lowland varieties, 29 percent is the foothill forest from the elevation levels of 400 metres to 1, 300 metres, close to 31 percent is montane in the elevations of 1,000 to 1,500 metres; which is extremely rich in Fagaceae  and Lauraceae (Whitten, Damanik , Jazanul & Nazzaruddin , 2010)  . The lower 15 percent of those elevations are rich in mosses, rattans and palms, whils t the upper 20 percent is having acid loving plants as basal constituents. The remainder has subalpine forest and ericoid scrubs form an elevation of 2,400 metres to 3,400 metres. Around 91 of the species of flora have been

The Effects Of Modern Technology on Our Lives Essay

The Effects Of Modern Technology on Our Lives - Essay Example development of technologies another kinds of production are also growing up while labor force is becoming cheaper and that allows satisfying all consuming needs of constantly increasing world’s population. But which is the most important, technologies made possible the appearance of new opportunities for communication and quick access to any information we need. But there are certain disadvantages of technology development as well. It became almost impossible to control the amount and quality of produced information, though it is a powerful tool for mind control. The fast rates of production catastrophically reduce a quantity of resources in the world, and at the same time â€Å"overproduction† takes place. So consumers’ needs constantly grow, resources are depleting, but massive production keeps increasing, rising people’s needs. The development of military technologies funded by governments raises a general level of military conflict possibility. It is impossible to imagine our modern world without technologies; we don’t even notice how we aren’t able to live without them anymore. To estimate the effect of modern technology on our lives and definitely say that they are either something good or bad is absolutely unreal. The point is that technologies may controversially effect on our life they constantly do both cause harm and make our lives easier. It is hard to argue that the contribution that modern technologies have brought in our lives’ progress is almost unevaluated, because the opportunities we have now through the technological invasion are much wider than even ten years ago. The first aspect of the contribution we have to consider is definitely a fast development of modern science. At the very beginning of huge rise of technologies scientists were scared that technologies may destroy classical science, because the matter of science is to look for the essence of nature, it deals mostly with philosophical problems of â€Å"why?† and â€Å"how?†.

Minority entrepreneurs and International strategy selection Research Paper

Minority entrepreneurs and International strategy selection - Research Paper Example This means that these minorities have to plan an international strategy for their businesses in their nascent stages. The strategy needs to be planned effectively because the ability of the business to take risks and endure failure is very low and the owner may not be able to recover after a loss. Planning an international strategy for such a small and highly constrained business is extremely difficult and requires caution. Because of the cultural differences, minority entrepreneurs have a different style of management and therefore adopt different strategies that make them different from local entrepreneurs. The advantage of this distinctiveness is that they are better able to reach communities and generate referrals along with community support. The disadvantage is that this different style makes these entrepreneurs lesser at ease as compared to the local entrepreneurs. Minority entrepreneurs face a multitude of problems which decrease their chances of success. It is therefore impe rative that structures are set up that provide support to and encourage this important segment of the society. The problems of such businesses are unique and therefore require a unique solution as well. Entrepreneurs are the life blood of any economy as they operate at the grass root level and penetrate markets that the larger enterprises are unable to reach. Each year, thousands of immigrants leave their homelands and settle in other countries in pursuit of better economic and social conditions. Most of the influx also occurs in the western countries or the developed world where the economies are able to support these incomers and the markets are well developed to allow these small businesses to flourish at such a small scale. Contradictory to common understanding, entrepreneurship does not necessarily involve developing an innovative product, it has various definitions. For such entrepreneurs, it is equivalent to launching their businesses in an international